Breech loading fiee arm



(No Model.)

L. P. DISS.

BRBEGH LOADING PIRE ARM.

Patented Jan. 18, 1887.

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LOUIS I. DISS, OF ILION, NEV YORK, ASSIGNOR TO E. REMINGTON & SONS, OF SAME PLACE.

BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARM.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 356,274, dated January 18, 1887.

Application tiled July 22, 1886. Serial No. 208,817. (No model.)

Improvements in FireArms, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that class of firearms known as bolt-guns, and theinvention consists of certain improvements in the construction of the breech-bolt and its attachments, as hereinafter more fully set forth.

Figure lis a side elevation of the breech portion of a gun containing myimprovements,

with the stock broken away. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the receiver and breech mechanism, with a portion shown iu section. Fig. 3 is a front end view of the breech-bolt, shown detached. Fig. 4 is an end view, and Fig. 5a longitudinal Vertical section, of a portion of 2O the breech-bolt, showing a modification of the extractor.

The improvements herein described are applicable to bolt-guns generally; and they consist, rst, in constructing the breechbolt C with a separate nose-piece, G, which has its front end made of the same diameter as the bolt proper, and with a tubular body arranged to fit within the front end of the bolt O, as shown in Figs: 2 and 5. To this nose-piece G,

O I secure a rib, C2, which extends backward over the bolt, as shown in Figs. l, 2, and 5, these parts being preferably united by screwing them together, as indicated clearly in Figs. 2 and 5, as the simplest and best method of construction, though it is obvious that they may be secured together by any other known means, or, if preferred, may be formed integral of a single solid piece. A cavity is formed in the under side of the rib G2, as shown in Figs. 2 and 5, in which a curved spring, 2, is

secured, with its free end bearing on the outer surface of the bolt C with sufiicicnt force orfriction to hold the rib O2 in an upright position, there being a slight cavity or iiat place upper side of the bolt C at the point where the spring bears upon it when the bolt is unlocked, as indicated in Fig. 5, though this is not absolutely necessary, as the spring, if sufficiently stiff, will hold the rib upright 5o without it.

On the top of bolt C, at its front end, I make a lug, 7c, which engages in atransverse groove, o, in the under side ofthe rib C2 when the bolt is unlocked, as shown in Figs. 2 and 5, by which means the nose-piece is firmly locked to the bolt O at the time the latter is to be withdrawn for extracting the cartridge-shell. The lug 7c is of such a width, however, that when the rib C2 is turned over to the right, as it is free to be when the bolt is drawn back a short distance, it will be disengaged from the groove o, when the nose-piece, as a whole, can be readily detached from the bolt C, there being at that time nothing but the friction of the spring 2 to hold them together.

Around its lower front edge the nose-piece G is provided with a projecting lip, w, as shown clearly in Figs. 2, 3, 4, and 5, this lip extending about one-third (more or less) of the circumference of the front end of the nosepiece, and is so located that when the breech is closed it will be directly under the flange or head of the cartridge in the chamber of the gun, there being of cour-sea corresponding recess for it to enter. twofold-first, to serve as a gas-check and prevent the gas from a defective cartridge from passing down among the cartridges in the magazine below, in case one be used, and, secrlhe object of this lip is ond, as a support for the head of a cartridge- 8o shell against the pressure of the extractor above.

It will be observed that the front end of the rib O2 projects forward beyond the face of the nose-piece, as shown in Figs. l and 2, and to receive this project-ing end a recess, A', is cut in the top of the receiver, as indicated in Figs. l and 2, so that when the bolt is closed the nosepiece is held so it cannot turn with the bolt as the latter is turned to lock it fast, and 9o thus the lip wis always held securely in its proper place when the gun is fired or closed. As soon, however', as the bolt is drawn back far enough to draw the end of rib O2 out of the to the right, when the nose-piece, being unlocked from the bolt, as before explained, can be disconnected from the bolt G,when the latter is free to be drawn back out of the receiver, and thus the parts can be dismounted without recess A the rib Cl is free to be turned over IOO the use of any tools whatever. The rib C2 is provided on its right-hand side with a projection, m, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, to serve as a stop to limit the backward movement ofthe bolt when the gun is in use.

In order to obviate the difficulties which not unfrequently occur from the use of springhook extractor-s, I construct the extractor II of a rigid piece of metal, as shown in Figs. 2 and 5. In Fig. 2 it is shown lnadein the form of a small bolt set obliquely in a hole formed in the projecting nose of rib C2, its lower front edge being beveled,so as to ride over the flange oft-he cartridge, whileits rear under face is made vertical,"so as to get a good firm hol/d on the front side of the cartridge-ange, as illustrated in Fig. 2. This extractor is seated in its yhole in the rib in such a manner that it has a free oblique movement therein far enough to enable lit to ride over the iiange of the cartridge-shell, it being pressed down by a spring, d', secured in a recess in the upper side of rib C2, and has its front end resting in a hole made in or through the extractor H, as shown in Fig. 2. It will be observed that the position of the extractor H is such that when force is applied to extract the cartridge-shell the extractor will be bound in its hole,because the force exerted will be at right angles, or nearly so, to its axial line, and this, together with the force exerted by the spring, will cause it to take and keep a good rm hold on the cartridge, and as the extractor itself is a single solid rigid piece and is held by the rigid rib C2, which is securel y locked to the bolt C bythe luglc, it will beseen that I am thus enabled to produce a most efficient and very strong extractor, and one that is not liable to break or get out of order.

In Figs-4 and 5 I have shown the extractor modified in form, but still composed of a single rigid piece and operating on the same general principle. In this case the body of the extractor is formed in the segment of a circle, and is seated in a correspondinglyshaped recess or groove made for itin the rib Ol, as shown in Fig. 5. The front end or nose of this extractor His beveled to cause it to ride over the flange o f the cartridge when the bolt is thrust forward,the same as the one previouslyT described, and its rear end is connected to the free end of a spring, d', which is secured in the same recess in thc under side of rib Cl and by the saine screw as the friction-spring 2, as clearly shown in Fig. 5. With these parts thus constructed and arranged itwill be seen that when the breech-bolt C is thrust forward to close the breech of the gun, the lower beveled nose of this extractor will strike against the rear face of the flange of the shell in such a manner as to cause the extractor to move backward in its curved seat, at the same time pressing down the front end of the spring cZ, and thus permit the nose of the extractor to rise and ride over the ange of the cartridgeshell, and that the instant the vertical face of the hook of the extractor has passed to the front side of the fiange of the shell the spring d, acting to force the extractor forward in its seat, will throw its front end down, and thus cause it to engage with the flange of the eartridge-shell. If, now,when the parts are in this stion, the bolt be pulled backward, the strain brought to bear upon the flange by the hook of the extractor will tend to pullthe extractor in a right line forward, and that it cannot thus move, because of its curved form and curved seat. If it moves at all it must move in a curved path, which will simply force the hooked end more iirmly down' in front of the ange of the shell, and as the lower edge of the iange rests on and is firmly supported by the lip w it will be seen that the force exerted will cause the extractor to tighten its hold upon the cartridge-shell. The same is true also of the extractor shown in Fig. 2, for the pull upon it, in drawing back the bolt, will tend to pull the extractor downward, if it moves at all in its seat, because of its inclined position, and thus it, too, will be made to grasp the shel'lstill more rlnly, the shell at such time being firmly supported by the lip lw, so that it cannot move or slip away from the extractor, as shown by its position in Fig. 5. It is of course obvious that this self-tightening style of extractor may be applied to bolt-guns in which the bolt is made Without the separate nose-piece, it only being necessary in such ease to secureV to the bolt at its front end a rib, C2, of such size as may be 'necessary to hold the extractor and its spring, and arrange it so that the bolt may be turned independently of the rib far enough to lock and unlock the bolt; but I prefer to use the separate nose-piece, substantially as shown 'and described.

In order to release the shell from the ex tractor as the bolt is retracted, the gun is pro- ILO vided with the usual stud orprojection located in the receiver at the proper point for the head of the shell to strike against when it has been drawn entirely out of the chamber of the barrel, by which it will` be tipped upward, as shown in Fig. 2, and thus be thrown out of the arm. This stud w is shown in Fig. 2 projecting from the inner face of the left-hand wall of the receiverjust on a line with the up` per edge of the lip Iw, there being of course a small groove in the side of the bolt and nosepiece, as shown at o3, Figs. 3 and 4, to permit the bolt to pass this stud w.

The firing pin, cocking-piece, and other parts may be constructed in the hsual manner, though I prefer to make these parts in the manner described in a separate application led of even date herewith.

Having thus described myinvention, what I claim is- 1. In combination with the breech-bolt C, the detachable nose-piece G, provided with a rib, C, having a friction-spring, 2, connected thereto and arranged to bear on the bolt C, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2.*The detachable nose-piece G, provided m 4. In combination with the breech-bolt C, the nose-piece G, provided with the projecting lip w, arranged to serve both as a gas-check 15 and as a support for the cartridge, substantially as set forth.

LOUIS I. DISS.

Witnesses:

EDMOND ROCHE, Trios. RICHARDSON. 

